Summer 2016 Newsletter | The Weather Whisper

Hazard Services – Improving Hazard Communication

August 7, 2016August 7, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

Currently, National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters must use several different software applications to compose and provide warnings, watches and advisories and related information for hazardous weather. Each tool also has different abilities to support the forecasters in their decision-making. Since each tool is uniquely designed, forecasters must learn each one and be able to quickly switch between them multiple times while on duty.

Hazard Services–an AWIPS software application presently in development–is an integral part of the NWS’s Weather-Ready Nation vision. Hazard Services represents a paradigm shift in how the NWS will communicate hazard information and aims to streamline NWS operations by integrating the functionality of the aforementioned tools into a single interface for providing timely, accurate and actionable hazard information. Within this single interface, Hazard Services will analyze data from various inputs and assist the forecaster in diagnosing and communicating the hazard information. In addition, Hazard Services will also shift the present focus on legacy text products to multiple pathways of communication such as social media, cell phones, graphics, text and XML. Thus, Hazard Services will act as a conduit for transforming leading-edge science into timely, accurate and actionable information to the end user in ways that meet their needs.

Hazard Services is also designed to be highly configurable, flexible and extensible. While work continues on the operational version for NWS local forecast offices, experimental efforts are underway to extend Hazard Services to regional and National offices such as River Forecast Centers and National Centers. An added advantage of using the same application across various levels of the NWS is the opportunity to share forecast information for consistency and collaboration which will help facilitate a unified NWS message.

Thus far, most of the Hazard Services development and testing work has involved hydrologic hazards such as river floods and flash floods. Hydrologic hazards were chosen for the initial work because local NWS offices presently use three different software applications to inform its partners and users about them—the most of any hazard. All other weather-related hazards require only one or two of the three software applications. In addition, hydrologic hazards have uniquely complicated considerations regarding watches, warnings, advisories and outlooks for them. Once the complexities of the three different software applications—as well as the inherent complexities of hydrologic hazards can be successfully addressed—then the lessons learned can be used address the other weather-related hazards.

Jeff Zogg, Senior Service Hydrologist at NWS Des Moines has been involved in Hazard Services development and testing for a few years. He also participates in the national Hazard Services Tiger and Test Teams. These teams help guide software enhancements, fixes and tests. Jeff has also participated in some of these tests. During the tests Jeff was part of a group of approximately five people who used Hazard Services as they would during an actual hazardous weather event. The tests lasted around two to three days and used weather and water data from actual past events. Testers documented software performance and stability issues—as well as enhancement suggestions—and then submitted them to the Tiger Team for prioritization on the list of items for software developers to address.

To date, 16 formal tests have occurred. Two additional tests are planned through mid-September. Within the several months, a readiness review will be conducted to determine if the process can move to the next step which involves assessment tests at four or five different sites around the country. There, Hazard Services will be put through additional rigorous but longer-term testing for a variety of different hazards. Once Hazard Services passes another readiness review after that step, it will be tested at local NWS offices. A final readiness review will then determine if and when Hazard Services will be ready to become operational and thus replace the existing software applications. Although the exact timetable of these steps is unknown, it is hoped to be completed within the next few years.

: Hazard Information dialog box in Hazard Services. This particular dialog box is for a River Flood Warning.

: Hazard Information Display screen in Hazard Services. Multiple test hazards are shown on the map including Flash Flood Warning, River Flood Warning and Flood Watch.

Blog post by Jeff Zogg, Senior Service Hydrologist, NWS Des Moines

National Weather Service Partners for Iowa Heat Awareness

August 6, 2016August 6, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

National Weather Service Des Moines partnered with Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management for Iowa Heat Awareness from June 6-10, 2016.

Throughout the week, several partners assisted in promoting heat awareness and heat safety information. Iowa Governor Terry Branstad signed a proclamation highlighting heat safety and impacts. KCCI-TV, a CBS affiliate, conducted 6 live shots at the weather forecast office during the station’s morning broadcast on June 8^th and interviewed Warning Coordination Meteorologist Kelsey Angle.

National Weather Service Des Moines partnered with the Polk County Health Department for a vehicle heat demonstration on June 9^th. Hydrometeorological Technician Brad Fillbach installed a Maximum-Minimum Temperature System (MMTS) radiation shield and display unit in a GOV vehicle. The demonstration showed how quickly the temperature inside a vehicle can change in a short amount of time. Polk County Health Department Educator and Public Information Officer, Nola Aigner assisted with describing the health impacts to children and pets. The demonstration was attended by local television stations and broadcast live by UnityPoint Health through their Facebook page.

During the vehicle heat demonstration and throughout the week, the forecast office also provided updates and briefings through social media including Facebook, Twitter and Periscope. Forecaster Ken Podrazik, Meteorologist Intern Kurt Kotenberg, Meteorologist Intern Allan Curtis and Meteorologist Intern Kevin Skow provided 10 briefings through Periscope.

(Left to Right) Nola Aigner, Educator and Public Information Officer, Polk County Health Department; Ken Podrazik, Forecaster, National Weather Service Des Moines

(Left to Right) Kelsey Angle, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service Des Moines; Alyx Sacks, Anchor/Reporter, KCCI-TV

Maximum-Minimum Temperature System (MMTS) radiation shield and display

Heat Demonstration Vehicle

Blog post by Kelsey Angle, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, NWS Des Moines

IRIS Comes to NWS Des Moines

August 6, 2016August 6, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

The NOAA/National Weather Service’s goal of building a Weather Ready Nation is all about building relationships with our core partners including emergency managers, first responders, government officials, businesses and the general public and helping them make better decisions to save lives and property and enhance livelihoods. Communicating with everyone can be a daunting task as the National Weather Service in Des Moines has contact information for thousands of core partners and over 4,700 SKYWARN severe weather spotters.

One of our newest tools to help gather and disseminate information is called IRIS which is an acronym for Integrated Real-time Impacts and Services. This is a web based application that integrates current weather data and keeps a database of all contacts allowing our staff to call partners and spotters and disseminate Local Storm Reports quickly and easily with just a few clicks of a button. With IRIS, spotters can note their information by name and/or spotter number with their report sent out in just a matter of seconds. Under previous software, severe weather reports would need to be located with other geocoding software before being sent to the media and the world. It also has the capability of parsing out subsets of our large database and emailing those folks when necessary.

IRIS also monitors dozens of local observations alerting NWS staff of critical wind speeds and precipitation accumulations and making that information easy to disseminate with just a few clicks of a mouse. Future capabilities also include enhancing our ability to provide critical Decision Support Services to our core partners by cataloging key events and impacts important to them. Operational staff will be notified when weather elements reach critical levels.

In order for IRIS to work efficiently and optimize its information our partners and spotters need to have current location and contact information noted. If you are a member of one of these key groups and have had your address, phone number and/or email address change recently please let us know so we can update our information and database.

Blog post by Brad Small, Senior Forecaster, NWS Des Moines

How Many Tornadoes Can One Squall Line Produce?

August 6, 2016August 6, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

Looking Back on August 31, 2014 from the Air

Residents of west-central Iowa may remember the powerful squall line that tore across the region on the evening of August 31, 2014, leaving a wide swath of wind damage from Crawford to Dallas counties. More intermittent wind damage was reported from Greene to Howard counties. In the days following the event, the NWS reviewed the wind damage reports/photos and could not conclusively distinguish any damage that could have originated from a tornado. Tornadoes produced by squall lines are oftentimes weak, transient, rain-wrapped, and sometimes embedded within broader straight-line winds, making it very difficult to differentiate tornado versus non-tornado damage in post-storm ground surveys. Mature corn crops can play a vital role in showing the unmistakable convergent path left by a tornado, and two tornadoes from August 31 were located by the author in cropland on a scientific survey on September 10, 2014 (see photo below).

Convergent damage path through corn for one of the ground-surveyed tornadoes on September 10, 2014 just north of Dayton in Webster County.

However, in the weeks following the event, entire 350-km path of the squall line was imaged at ≈1-m resolution using aerial photography through the USDA National Agriculture Imagery Program. As stated earlier, the predominantly flat, mature agricultural land cover of central Iowa provided an excellent medium on which to document all scales of wind phenomena. The imagery (discovered and analyzed during the last 6-8 months) revealed an astounding 111 discrete damage tracks that could have originated from a tornado. These tracks ranged in length from a mere 130 m to nearly 18 km. Given the uniqueness of this dataset and the high likelihood that some of these tracks were from surface vortices that did not meet the formal definition of a tornado (a circulation reaching to cloud-base), a probabilistic testing scheme was developed. This test weighted various track characteristics (length, strength, circulation nature, and damage) and radar data to determine which tracks had the highest chance of being from a tornado. Using this test, 35 of the 111 tracks (31%) were classified as tornadoes. Four of the tracks were rated EF-1 using the aerial data and the rest as EF-0.

Imagery collage of nine tracks from August 31, 2014, highlighting the wide variety of damage patterns observed. Track direction and identification numbers are provided with each event. All images rendered to the same scale.

The sheer number of damage paths revealed by this dataset is truly unprecedented. No other study has ever uncovered so many tracks produced by a single squall line. The aerial data also showed two tornadoes merging into one single entity just northeast of Stratford (see image below), one of only four mergers ever documented and the first with tornadoes from a squall line. This event unearthed far more questions than answers, not only concerning how these tornadoes formed, but also with how the NWS should handle these types of situations. Using hypothetical tornado warnings that would have encompassed the area most at risk to tornadoes on August 31, it was calculated that only 0.24% of the warning area would be impacted by a tornado. Should the NWS be issuing tornado warnings for these low-impact, short-lived tornadoes that would rarely cause damage greater than EF-0/EF-1? Is it worth false alarming over 99.8% of the warning area to try to capture these fleeting tornadoes that would likely go undocumented? In addition, how should the NWS document such tornadoes for historical records? Since aerial data will not be available for all events, a bias would be introduced into Storm Data. The August 31, 2014 squall line exemplifies this bias to the extreme. To put this event in context, the 35 tornadoes from August 31, 2014 would rank as the single greatest tornado outbreak in Iowa history, an outbreak that no one has ever heard of! These questions and more will need to be addressed by the NWS over the coming years not only as the organization moves towards impact-based warnings, but also as the availability and accessibility of aerial/satellite imagery datasets increase. This case highlights the incredible utility of aerial and satellite datasets for storm surveying, a benefit that the NWS will hopefully capitalize on in the years to come.

(a) Polygon paths for tornadoes 62-T19 (red) and 64-T21 (blue) with the start and end times (in UTC) for each tornado annotated. Local streets are provided as a map background. The black dotted outline denotes the region encompassed by the aerial imagery shown in (b) of both track crossing points and the merger, with the estimated times of the first crossing point and merger noted. Tracks are outlined and in the same colors as (a). (c) Close-up imagery of the merger point with different stages of the merging process highlighted.

Blog post by Kevin Skow, Meteorologist Intern, NWS Des Moines

New DSS Events Calendar Tool to Aid NWS Des Moines Partner Support

August 6, 2016August 6, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

NWS DMX has been providing support for many partners through our Decision Support Services (DSS) for several years, and this year has a new tool to help with this support, the DSS Events Calendar. This tool is being rolled out across the Central Region NWS offices so each office has a consistent baseline for partner support. The calendar works by NWS partners such as Emergency Managers (EMs) providing input about their events through a web-based form. This information is then organized into a web-based calendar so that our office and meteorologists are aware of each event being held across our county warning area. These events tend to be outdoor events that gather a large attendance which are most vulnerable to the impacts of weather, and more specifically severe weather.

Many days several events are ongoing across Central Iowa with as many as 15 to 20 on one of the busier days. NWS DMX meteorologists stay aware of these locations while issuing warnings and can place special statements in the severe warnings about the outdoor event locations that may be occurring in a warned area. The event location is included in the input and then is directly loaded into the office computer system used to issue warnings, so that these event locations can be included in a warning if necessary.

County Emergency Managers maintain contact with our office throughout the event as well, by logging into a chat program or via the phone to obtain the latest information about any threatening weather. If requested by an EM, NWS DMX will also provide a localized briefing detailing any hazardous weather that may be expected throughout the duration of the event. One example is a video briefing held with the Jasper County Emergency Management officials for high-attendance races held at the Iowa Speedway, another example is a daily email briefing during RABGRAI provided to public safety officials, County EMs, neighboring NWS office management, and regional NWS management.

This tool has allowed NWS DMX to streamline its operations regarding event support to the local county officials, helped NWS DMX meteorologists to maintain awareness of these large events in case hazardous weather is approaching, and help keep everyone safe so they can enjoy these events to their fullest.

If you have weather hazard concerns for an event, please contact your county emergency coordinator who will work with the National Weather Service before and during impactful weather conditions.

Blog post by Mindy Beerends, Senior Forecaster, NWS Des Moines

Fall and Winter Outlooks for Iowa

August 5, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

Introduction

The talk all winter and spring was El Niño and how it would affect large portions of the United States. As spring ended and summer took over, El Niño conversations were quickly replaced with La Niña thoughts as conditions began to transition. Taking a step back, for those that are unfamiliar with the terms El Niño or La Niña, they are phenomena that exist along the equatorial Pacific Ocean. An El Niño event is characterized by anomalously warm sea surface temperatures that propagate eastward towards the South American coast. Conversely, a La Niña event is characterized by anomalously cool sea surface temperatures off the coast of South America that propagate into the central Pacific Ocean. The oscillation between the two is called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For an event to be categorized as an El Niño or La Niña, the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is used. The ONI is a measure of above and below normal sea surface temperatures within a specific region of the equatorial Pacific. Anomalous values of 0.5 C or greater for 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons would be an El Niño. Conversely, values of -0.5 C or less for 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons would be a La Niña. In between 0.5 C and -0.5 C or for periods that do not meet the 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons, would be categorized as neutral.

At this point, you may be wondering what Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures have to do with weather in the United States, let alone Iowa. The atmosphere is constantly in flux, responding to various inputs such as El Niño or La Niña conditions in the Equatorial Pacific, in an attempt to reach equilibrium. Phenomena that last long periods of time and occur regularly can affect atmospheric conditions in ways that lead to tendencies in other areas, known as teleconnections. A number of phenomena across the globe have been researched and found to correlate to weather patterns in other locations across the globe, and El Niño and La Niña are probably the most researched and well known teleconnections. We’ll proceed to take a look at the tendencies in Iowa during neutral and La Niña conditions and how they compare to the current seasonal outlooks from the Climate Prediction Center.

For more detailed information about El Niño and La Niña, atmospheric conditions, thresholds, U.S. impacts, global impacts, and more, check out: https://www.climate.gov/enso

For more detailed information about the Oceanic Niño Index, check out: http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml

Fall

As hinted at above, El Niño conditions existed through the winter and spring months, but weakened into summer and are forecast to continue into at least neutral conditions and possibly transition into La Niña conditions through the fall months (Image 1).

Image 1: Official probabilistic ENSO Forecast from the Climate Prediction Center and International Research Institute for Climate and Society.

First, focusing on neutral conditions, when looking at previous historical neutral events that occurred during the fall months, temperatures have a tendency to be cooler throughout the state (Image 2). On the other hand, precipitation does not have a strong tendency state wide, and instead is a mixed bag, indicating a weaker correlation (Image 3).

Should La Niña conditions set in, once again the strongest tendency is seen in temperatures, however this time it is for warmer temperatures throughout the state (Image 4). Then similarly to neutral, precipitation does not show a strong tendency, but does lean toward slightly drier conditions (Image 5).

While all of that is well and good, how does all of it compare with the Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) official fall outlook? For their most recent fall outlook, temperatures nationwide show an increased chance for above normal temperatures (Image 6). The precipitation outlook shows no tendency for above or below normal precipitation for much of the United States, including Iowa (Image 7). When comparing to the neutral and La Niña tendencies above, the outlooks do not closely resemble either, possibly indicating low confidence or another teleconnection playing a significant role.

Image 2: Temperature Anomalies (F) for previous Neutral events during the Fall.

Image 3: Precipitation anomalies (in) for previous Neutral events during the Fall.

Image 4: Temperature anomalies (F) for previous La Niña events during the Fall.

Image 5: Precipitation anomalies (in) for previous La Niña events during the Fall.

Image 6: Fall temperature outlook from the Climate Prediction Center.

Image 7: Fall precipitation outlook from the Climate Prediction Center.

Winter

Shifting towards winter, forecasts show a likely probability of La Niña conditions setting in and that’s what we will focus on here. La Niña has a pretty strong signal across the United States, however Iowa is caught in the transition zone of above normal temperatures to the south and below normal temperatures to the north (Image 8). Precipitation, also has a decent signal across the United States, but once again Iowa does not fall within an area of anomalies one way or another (Image 9). Instead, the best signals are found through the Ohio River valley, Pacific Northwest, the Southeast, and California.

When compared to the CPC outlook for winter, striking resemblances are immediately seen. The strongest resemblance is seen within temperatures, where the CPC highlights the Southeast and South for above normal temperatures and the North for below normal temperatures (Image 10). Strong resemblances are also seen in the CPC outlook for precipitation, where the Ohio River Valley and Pacific Northwest are highlighted for above normal precipitation, and the Southeast, South, and California for below normal precipitation (Image 11). Unfortunately for Iowa, with the seeming strong tendency for the CPC outlooks to lean towards La Niña conditions this winter, the CPC does not depict strong feelings one way or the other for precipitation or temperatures.

: Image 8: Temperature anomalies (F) for previous La Niña events during the Winter.

: Image 9: Precipitation anomalies (in) for previous La Niña events during the Winter.

: Image 10: Winter temperature outlook from the Climate Prediction Center.

: Image 11: Winter precipitation outlook from the Climate Prediction Center.

Blog post by Allan Curtis, Meteorologist Intern, NWS Des Moines

Iowa Monthly Climate Summary – July 2016

August 5, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

Temperatures

The statewide average temperature for July 2016 was 73.0°F which was 0.6°F below normal (See Figure 1). July 2016 ranks as the 50^th coolest July on record out of 144 years of statewide climatic records. The monthly average temperature at Des Moines was 76.8°F or 0.5°F above normal with the highest temperature coming in at 97°F on the 21^st and lowest temperature at 58°F on the 1^st. Waterloo’s monthly average temperature was 72.8°F or 0.8°F below normal. The highest temperature in Waterloo for the month of July was 93°F on the 21^st and 52°F on the 3^rd.

Through the 4^th of July weekend, cooler than normal temperatures prevailed across the state (See Figure 2). In fact, a few locations recorded low temperatures in the 40s on the morning of the 3^rd (See Figure 3). Estherville, Elkader, and Cresco all had low temperatures at 47°F on July 3^rd. Then the hot and humid conditions developed and dominated throughout much of the remainder of the month. There were a few days peppered into the last 3 weeks of the month when cloud cover and thunderstorms kept temperatures below normal. Regardless, the hottest stretch occurred from the 17^th to the 27^th. The hottest temperature of the month throughout the entire state was 97°F on the 20^th at Sioux City and at Des Moines and Lamoni on the 21^st. Much of the state had heat index readings well over 100°F between the 20^th and 23^rd (See Figures 4 & 5) due to the high humidity and dew points.

Precipitation

The monthly statewide precipitation total for Iowa during the month of July 2016 was 6.13 inches (See Figure 6). This was 1.63 inches above normal, resulting in the 16^th wettest July on record among 144 years of statewide climatic records. Des Moines totaled 6.98 inches for the month, with the bulk of that total occurring on the 19^th when 3.53 inches of rain fell. This daily total nearly doubled its monthly total up to that point. In fact, only 0.02 inches of additional rainfall accumulated the remainder of the month, but Des Moines was still 2.51 inches above normal for the entire month. Waterloo had a different outcome with 4.01 inches or 0.90 inches below normal for July.

After a dry first five days of the month, an active weather pattern developed and brought a multitude of precipitation through the 20^th. The statewide average from July 6^th to the 20^th was 4.86 inches or 2.63 inches above normal during that stretch (See Figure 7 & 8). The heaviest rainfall occurred from the southwest to north central to northeast portions of the state. Enough rain fell over central and southern Iowa to relieve some of the drought conditions except for a small area in far south central Iowa (See Figure 9).

: Average temperature departure from mean for July 2016.

: Average temperature departure from mean for July 1-4, 2016.

: Average minimum temperature for July 3, 2016.

: Average maximum temperature for July 20-23, 2016.

: Heat index values on July 21, 2016.

: July 2016 precipitation departure from mean.

: Precipitation percent of mean from July 6 to 20, 2016.

: 72-hour observed precipitation ending 11 pm July 18, 2016.

: Drought Monitor issued during the last week of July had improving conditions over central and southern Iowa.

Iowa Monthly Climate Summary – May 2016

August 5, 2016 by NWS Des Moines

Temperatures

The statewide average temperature in May 2016 was 59.5°F which was 0.6°F below normal (See Figure 1). This ranks as the 65^th coolest May on record out of 144 years of statewide climate statistics. Des Moines’s average temperature was 63.0°F or 0.7°F above normal while Waterloo’s monthly average temperature 59.9°F or 0.6°F below normal.

A cold snap occurred during the first five days of May as a few spots reported light frost on the mornings of the 2^nd, 3^rd, and 5^th (See Figure 2). However, by the second week of May, temperatures were above normal with a few locations topping 90°F for the first time in 2016 in Iowa. Marion, Guttenberg, and Hawarden reached 90°F on the 6^th. More cool temperatures filter into the state from the 12^th to the 21^st. In fact, freezing temperatures were recorded on the 14^th, 15^th, and 18^th with the coldest day and most widespread frost occurring on the 15^th (See Figure 3). Cresco, Decorah, and Elkader all recorded 27°F low temperatures on the morning of the 15^th. The remainder of the month, temperatures finished above normal with a string of 10 consecutive warmer than normal days. The hottest temperature was 89°F in Little Sioux and Lamoni on the 30^th.

Average Temperature Departure from Mean for May 2016.

Average Temperature Departure from Mean for May 1-5, 2016.

Average Minimum Temperature Departure from Mean for May 15, 2016.

Precipitation

The statewide average precipitation for May 2016 was 4.64 inches or 0.08 inches above normal. This ranks as the 52^nd wettest May among 144 years of statewide climate records. Des Moines was 0.62 inches below normal for the location’s monthly precipitation as it totaled 4.12 inches. Waterloo totaled 3.24 inches of rainfall for the month of May, which was 1.29 inches below normal.

The first day of May was cool and wet before generally dry weather prevailed from the 2^nd to 8^th. From the 9^th to the 13^th, a wet period settled into the state with several weak systems that brought light to moderate rainfall. The highest precipitation accumulated over southwest Iowa (See Figure 4). A couple of brief tornadoes were spotted in Davis and Guthrie Counties County on the 9^th, mainly damaging crops and trees. Another relatively dry period dominated the middle of the month from the 14^th to the 22^nd before a fairly active weather pattern developed to finish off the month. Severe weather plagued the state every day during the final week of the month with the most active night occurring on the 25^th. Widespread damaging winds along with some large hail were reported in 19 counties across the northern two-thirds of Iowa. The dries weather was found over central to southeast Iowa, while the bulk of the monthly precipitation accumulated over northwest to southwest Iowa (See Figure 5). The highest monthly precipitation was 10.75 inches at Atlantic while the lowest monthly total was 2.19 inches in Albia. In fact, Atlantic’s total was its 2^nd highest total out of 130 years of records. The highest total is 12.37 inches set in 1903.

Accumulated precipitation from May 9-13, 2016.

Accumulated precipitation percent of mean for entire month of May 2016.

Blog post by Kenny Podrazik, Meteorologist, NWS Des Moines

June 2023
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This is culmination of articles written by staff members at the National Weather Service in Des Moines, Iowa. The following links will open each blog post in a new window. All of the articles can also be found on the Weather Whisper Blog.

Climate Information

Preparedness, Outreach, and Decision Support

Science and Technology

Blog post by Jeff Zogg, Senior Service Hydrologist, NWS Des Moines

Blog post by Kelsey Angle, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, NWS Des Moines

Blog post by Brad Small, Senior Forecaster, NWS Des Moines

Looking Back on August 31, 2014 from the Air

Blog post by Kevin Skow, Meteorologist Intern, NWS Des Moines

Blog post by Mindy Beerends, Senior Forecaster, NWS Des Moines

Blog post by Brad Fillbach, Coop Program Manager, NWS Des Moines

Introduction

Fall

Winter

Blog post by Allan Curtis, Meteorologist Intern, NWS Des Moines

Temperatures

Temperatures

Precipitation